German Grammar

Determiners carry most of the case / gender / number signal. Master four paradigms: definite, indefinite, adjective weak, adjective mixed (see Adjectives). Everything else maps onto one of them.

Definite article (der / das / die)

MNFPl
Nderdasdiedie
Adendasdiedie
Ddemdemderden
Gdesdesderder

Indefinite article (ein)

No plural form of ein itself.

MNFPl
Neineineine
Aeineneineine
Deinemeinemeiner
Geineseineseiner

The ein-group

Same endings as indefinite:

  • kein (negative article)
  • possessive determiners: mein, dein, sein, …

Zero article (singular)

Use no article with:

Proper names

  • people, cities, countries, states
  • Exceptions:
    • some country names take the definite article
    • cities with a modifying attribute take the definite article (das moderne Berlin)

Uncountables

  • substances
  • abstracts
  • other mass / generic uses

Fixed patterns

  • sein / werden + profession or nationality
  • als + field of study
  • set phrases: Ende gut, alles gut. Kommt Zeit, kommt Rat.

Measures

  • size, weight, quantity (zwei Liter Milch)

Topic to expand

  • Preposition + article contractions (zum, im, am, …)